What is identity threat detection and response?

Identity threat detection and response (ITDR) is an IT security discipline that focuses on detecting, mitigating, and responding to identity-related threats. With identity-focused threats on the rise, ITDR's purpose is to safeguard these identities (both human and machine), ensuring that only authorized entities can access sensitive data, networks, and systems.

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Last updated date : 15 Oct 2024

Why is ITDR essential for organizations?

The rise of remote work and hybrid infrastructures has made identities the primary targets for cyberattacks. As a result, enterprises need to protect not just their networks and endpoints but also their digital identities. Attackers are increasingly leveraging stolen credentials, phishing campaigns, and social engineering techniques to gain unauthorized access to systems, escalate privileges, and execute malicious activities.

Enterprises face numerous identity-based vulnerabilities and attack vectors, including:

  • Credential theft: Attackers use phishing, brute-force attacks, and malware to steal credentials, enabling them to impersonate legitimate users and gain unauthorized access to systems.
  • Phishing attacks: Phishing is a social engineering tactic where attackers trick users into revealing their credentials by posing as legitimate entities via emails, websites, or messages.
  • Password sprawl: Attackers attempt to log in using common passwords across multiple accounts, exploiting weak password policies and account lockout mechanisms.
  • Insider threats: Malicious insiders or careless employees may misuse their credentials to access confidential data or perform unauthorized actions, whether intentionally or accidentally.
  • Privilege misuse: Attackers aim to elevate privileges after gaining initial access, often by exploiting vulnerabilities in identity management systems or by moving laterally within the network.
  • Manipulator-in-the-middle attacks: Attackers intercept communications between users and services, allowing them to hijack sessions and impersonate users.
  • Session hijacking: Attackers exploit valid session tokens to impersonate users and gain unauthorized access.

 

As attacks become more sophisticated, ITDR's importance grows, ensuring that even when credentials are compromised, threats are detected, contained, and neutralized before significant damage is done.

In essence, ITDR solutions protect against identity-based attacks by continuously monitoring user behavior, identifying any suspicious or abnormal activities, and providing automated or manual responses to mitigate such threats. Unlike traditional security solutions that focus on endpoints or networks, ITDR solutions place identities at the center of their security strategy, addressing the growing attack surface that is being exploited by cybercriminals.

Business benefits of ITDR

Implementing an ITDR solution provides a wide range of business benefits, including:

  •  

    An improved security posture

    By detecting and responding to identity-based threats in real time, an ITDR solution helps prevent data breaches, credential theft, and insider threats. This enhances the overall security of your organization and protects sensitive data.

  •  

    Compliance with regulations

    Many data protection regulations, such as the GDPR and CCPA, require organizations to protect user identities and prevent unauthorized access to personal data. An ITDR solution helps organizations meet these requirements by providing continuous identity monitoring and enforcing access controls.

  •  

    A reduced risk of breaches

    Identity-based attacks are among the most common types of cyberattacks. By implementing an ITDR solution, organizations can reduce the likelihood of successful attacks, minimizing the risks of data breaches and financial losses.

  •  

    Increased operational efficiency

    An ITDR solution automates many security processes, such as user behavior analytics (UBA), access revocation, and incident response, reducing the considerable workload on security teams and allowing them to focus on higher-priority initiatives.

  •  

    Business continuity

    An ITDR solution ensures that identity-based threats are detected and mitigated quickly, minimizing the impact of security incidents on business operations. This helps you maintain business continuity and protects against reputational damage.

The roles of identities and identity security in the context of ITDR

Identities, whether they belong to employees, customers, endpoints, workloads, or applications, are central to an organization's digital ecosystem. These identities serve as the keys to enterprise resources, enabling users to access systems, perform actions, and manage data. As such, identity security is crucial to ensuring that only the right individuals or systems can perform specific actions within an organization.

In the context of ITDR, identity security involves several key elements:

  • 01

    Identity governance and administration (IGA)

    IGA ensures that identities are properly created, managed, and deprovisioned when they're no longer needed. IGA helps you maintain control over who has access to what and prevents privilege creep (where users accumulate permissions over time).

  • 02

    Authentication

    ITDR solutions rely heavily on strong authentication processes to validate user identities. These include technologies like multi-factor authentication (MFA), which requires users to undergo multiple verification methods to access sensitive resources.

  • 03

    UBA

    ITDR platforms continuously monitor user behavior to establish a baseline of normal activities. Any deviations from this baseline (such as logging in from unusual locations or accessing systems outside of normal hours) are flagged as potential security incidents.

  • 04

    Zero Trust access (ZTA)

    Zero Trust is a security framework that assumes no user or device is inherently trustworthy. Every identity must be continuously verified, regardless of whether the user is inside or outside the network.

  • 05

    Identity federation

    ITDR also plays a role in securing federated identities, which are shared across multiple systems or domains. Properly securing federated identities ensures that an attack on one system does not compromise the entire network.

ITDR vs. other security disciplines

ITDR is an essential component of a comprehensive security framework, but it intersects with other security disciplines. Here's a comparison of ITDR and several related disciplines to highlight its unique focus on identity-based threats:

 

ITDR vs. endpoint detection and response

  • Endpoint detection and response (EDR): EDR solutions focus on monitoring for, detecting, and responding to cyberthreats targeting endpoints (such as laptops, servers, mobile devices, or IoT devices). They typically address malware, ransomware, and unauthorized access at the device level
  • ITDR: ITDR solutions specialize in identifying and mitigating threats related to identity compromise. They focus on credential theft, misuse, and abnormal behavior linked to identities rather than device-specific threats.

 

While both ITDR and EDR solutions offer detection and response capabilities, ITDR solutions specifically address identity-centric threats, making them crucial for protecting against attacks that exploit legitimate user credentials.

 

ITDR vs. extended detection and response

  • Extended detection and response (XDR): An XDR solution provides a unified platform that integrates and correlates data from various security tools, including EDR, network security, and cloud security solutions, to detect and respond to threats across multiple layers of the IT environment.
  • ITDR: An ITDR solution focuses specifically on identity-based threats, monitoring user behavior and identity-related activities to detect anomalies.

 

While an XDR solution provides broader security coverage, an ITDR solution enhances an XDR solution's identity detection capabilities.

 

ITDR vs. cloud access security brokers and secure access service edge

  • Cloud access security brokers (CASBs): CASBs protect cloud environments by securing user access, enforcing security policies, and providing visibility into cloud activities. They play a key role in securing SaaS applications, ensuring that data and user access are managed appropriately.
  • Secure access service edge (SASE): SASE blends network and cloud security services to provide secure access to cloud-based resources. It ensures that users can securely access enterprise resources from anywhere.
  • ITDR: An ITDR solution adds an extra layer of protection by monitoring the identities themselves. Whether users are accessing cloud-based systems or on-premises resources, an ITDR solution ensures that the identities being used are legitimate and free from compromise.

Preventive controls of ITDR

ITDR relies on a combination of preventive measures to reduce the likelihood of identity compromise. By implementing preventive controls, organizations can drastically reduce the likelihood of successful identity-based attacks. These controls ensure that users are properly authenticated, authorized, and monitored:

  • 01

    MFA

    MFA is one of the fundamental steps of identity security. By requiring users to present more than one piece of evidence (such as a password, a token, or biometrics) to verify their identity, MFA significantly reduces the risk of identity compromise.

  • 02

    Privileged access management (PAM)

    PAM solutions ensure that access to critical systems and data is provided to only those with the necessary permissions. By implementing the principle of least privilege (PoLP), PAM solutions prevent users from having more access privileges than they need to perform their duties.

  • 03

    Password management

    ITDR solutions often include password management tools that enforce strong password policies, including password complexity, expiration, and rotation requirements. These tools also help mitigate the risks of credential reuse and weak passwords.

  • 04

    ZTA

    ZTA follows the principle of never trust, always verify. In a Zero Trust environment, all identities, devices, and services are continuously verified before and after being granted access to resources, reducing the risk of lateral movement across systems.

  • 05

    IGA

    An IGA solution ensures that user identities are correctly provisioned and deprovisioned based on their role in the organization. It also enforces role-based access controls to prevent users from accumulating excessive permissions.

Detection and response controls of ITDR

Even with preventive controls in place, identity-based attacks can still occur. Mitigation controls like the following can help you detect, contain, and respond to identity threats when they happen:

  • 01

    UBA

    UBA tools continuously monitor user activities to identify access patterns and detect any deviations from normal behavior. For example, a user logging in from an unfamiliar location or accessing systems they don't normally use could trigger an alert prompting further investigation.

  • 02

    Automated incident response

    Many ITDR platforms include automated response mechanisms that can lock accounts, revoke access, or trigger MFA when suspicious behavior is detected.

  • 03

    Privileged session monitoring

    By monitoring and recording privileged user sessions, ITDR solutions can monitor user activities and detect suspicious activities in real time. This helps ensure that privileged accounts are not being misused.

  • 04

    Access revocation

    When they detect a threat, ITDR solutions can automatically revoke access to sensitive systems and data, limiting the damage that can be done by a compromised identity.

  • 05

    Security orchestration, automation, and response (SOAR)

    ITDR solutions can integrate with SOAR platforms to provide a coordinated response to identity threats. SOAR solutions automate incident response processes, ensuring that threats are contained and remediated quickly.

The role of PAM in ITDR

PAM is a critical component of ITDR because it focuses on managing and securing accounts that have elevated permissions within an organization. These privileged accounts are prime targets for attackers because they are often the keys to most critical systems and infrastructures.

PAM solutions play an essential role in ITDR by:

  • Enforcing the PoLP: PAM solutions ensure that users only have the permissions necessary to perform their duties, preventing overprivileged accounts that can be exploited.
  • Monitoring sessions: PAM solutions monitor and record privileged sessions in real time, providing a clear audit trail of who accessed what, when, and for how long. This is essential for detecting unauthorized or malicious activities.
  • Managing privileged accounts' passwords: PAM tools securely store and manage privileged accounts' passwords, regularly rotating them to reduce the risk of misuse.

6 steps to implement a comprehensive PAM strategy in your ITDR framework

  •  

    Identify privileged accounts

    Conduct an audit of all privileged accounts across your environment, including human users, service accounts, and machine identities. This will give you a clear understanding of who has elevated permissions and where security gaps may exist.

  •  

    Apply the PoLP

    Enforce the PoLP by ensuring that users have just the privileges they need to perform their duties. This reduces the attack surface by limiting the number of accounts with elevated privileges.

  •  

    Implement MFA for privileged accounts

    Require MFA for all administrative accounts to prevent unauthorized access. This adds an extra layer of security.

  •  

    Monitor privileged sessions

    Use PAM tools to monitor and record privileged user sessions in real time. This provides an audit trail of activities, helping you detect and respond to any suspicious behavior.

  •  

    Rotate privileged accounts' passwords

    Regularly rotate privileged accounts' passwords to reduce the risk of credential theft. Automated password rotation tools can ensure that passwords are frequently changed without disrupting business operations.

  •  

    Perform regular audits

    Conduct regular audits of privileged accounts and access policies to ensure that your PAM strategy remains effective. This includes reviewing account activity logs, access rights, and compliance with security policies.